| | Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 161 | Title: | Dorothy E. Smith Family Papers
| | | | Creator: | Smith, Dorothy E. Family | | | | Dates: | 1865-1995 | | | | Abstract: | Dorothy E. Smith was a Cleveland, Ohio, African American music teacher and the first African American member of the Cleveland Women's Orchestra. A violinist, she was a 1931 graduate of the Cleveland Institute of Music and was a music teacher at the Cleveland Music School Settlement, the Phillis Wheatley Association, the Friendly Inn Settlement, and Knoxville College. She was also a supervisor for the Ohio State Department of Aid for the Aged until her retirement in 1973. Dorothy E. Smith was the daughter of Joseph W. Smith and Elizabeth Rayner. Joseph W. Smith moved to Cleveland in the late 1880s. He established a barbershop on Central Avenue in Cleveland, managed baseball teams in the 1890s and early 1900s, and was also a musician. The collection consists of correspondence, letters, cards, cemetery records, funeral programs, obituaries, legal files, memberships, a deed, certificates, newspaper clippings, student newspapers, playscripts, postcards, programs, reports, receipts, sheet music, yearbooks, and memorabilia. | | | | Call #: | MS 4854 | | | | Extent: | 1.00 linear feet (3 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Smith, Dorothy E. 1905-1995. | Smith (Dorothy E.) family. | Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967. | Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963. | Cleveland Women's Orchestra. | Gilpin Players. | Central High School (Cleveland, Ohio) | Knoxville College. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American women -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American musicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American music teachers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Musicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American soldiers -- Correspondence. | African American sailors -- Correspondence.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 162 | Title: | Ella Mae Cheeks Johnson Papers
| | | | Creator: | Johnson, Ella Mae Cheeks | | | | Dates: | 1948-2010 | | | | Abstract: | Ella Mae Cheeks Johnson was born in Dallas, Texas, in 1904. Orphaned at age four, she was raised by the Davis family. She attended Dallas Colored High School and Fisk University before applying to the School of Applied Social Sciences at Western Reserve University. Johnson graduated in 1928 with a master's degree in social work. As a social worker, Johnson was first employed by Associated Charities of Cleveland, Ohio. Later, she worked for the Cuyahoga County Department of Welfare in conjunction with the federal program Aid to Dependent Children. She retired in 1961. Johnson married Elmer Cheeks in 1929. They had two sons. Cheeks died in 1941, and Johnson married Raymond Johnson in 1957. He died in 1983. Mrs. Johnson was an active member of Mt. Zion Congregational Church, an avid reader and traveler, and a supporter of a variety of charities. At age 105, she attended the inauguration of President Barack Obama in Washington, D.C. Soon after, with the assistance of a freelance writer, she wrote her autobiography. It was published shortly after her death in 2010. The collection consists of annual reports, booklets, book manuscripts, book proofs, brochures, catalogues, certificates, church directories, citations, correspondence, forms, a guest book, an inauguration ticket, lists, magazine articles, newsletter articles, newspaper articles, notes, passports, proclamations, programs, remarks, speeches, and writings. | | | | Call #: | MS 5068 | | | | Extent: | 0.60 linear feet (2 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Johnson, Ella Mae Cheeks, 1904-2010. | Case Western Reserve University. | Fisk University. | Mt. Zion Congregational Church (Cleveland, Ohio) | African American women -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social workers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social service -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civil rights -- United States. | African Americans -- Education (Higher) -- United States. | Congregational churches -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Charities -- Ohio -- Cleveland.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 163 | Title: | Ardelia Bradley Dixon Papers
| | | | Creator: | Dixon, Ardelia Bradley | | | | Dates: | 1931-1991 | | | | Abstract: | Ardelia Bradley Dixon (1916-1991) was a lifelong African American rights activist and philanthropist in Cleveland, Ohio. Dixon served as secretary at the Antioch Baptist Church, Central High School, and John Hay High School. She served on the boards and committees of the Cleveland Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Cleveland Public Library. In 1963, Dixon took part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom for Colored People led by Martin Luther King, Jr., and was passionate about the issues of desegregation in schools and racial violence. She volunteered at the Interchurch Council of Greater Cleveland, the National Council of Churches, Fairhill Mental Health Center, and the Phillis Wheatley Center. The collection includes booklets, brochures, cards, church programs, correspondence, funeral booklets, hymns, letters, letters to the editor of the Plain Dealer, magazine and newspaper clippings, notes, pamphlets, photographs and negatives, postcards, schedules of events, scrapbooks, and telegrams. | | | | Call #: | MS 5199 | | | | Extent: | 1.80 linear feet (2 containers and 2 volumes) | | | | Subjects: | African American women -- Ohio -- Cleveland | African American women political activists -- Ohio -- Cleveland | African Americans -- Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Charities | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority | Cleveland Public Library | Dixon, Ardelia Bradley, 1916-1991 | Interchurch Council of Greater Cleveland | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Cleveland Branch | Public schools -- Ohio -- Cleveland | School integration -- Ohio -- Cleveland | African American History / Women's History
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 164 | Title: | Stokes Oral History Collection
| | | | Creator: | Cuyahoga Community College, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland State University | | | | Dates: | 2017 | | | | Abstract: | Carl Stokes, and his brother Louis, were groundbreaking African-American politicians from Cleveland, Ohio. Carl Stokes became the first black mayor of a major U.S. city when elected in 1967. Louis Stokes was the first African-American congressman from Ohio when he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1968, a position he held for 15 consecutive terms. During Carl Stokes' two mayoral terms, city hall jobs were opened to blacks and women, and a number of urban renewal projects initiated. Between 1983 and 1994 Carl Stokes served as municipal judge, and in 1994 was appointed by President Clinton as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of the Seychelles. Louis Stokes began his career as a civil rights attorney and helped challenge the Ohio redistricting in 1965 that fragmented African-American voting strength. In 1967, Louis Stokes argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in the Terry v. Ohio case, also known as the "stop-and-frisk" case. In the 1970s, Louis Stokes served as chair of the House Select Committee on Assassinations and in the 1980s was a noted member of the House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran. The interviews were conducted during 2017 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Carl Stokes' election as mayor and the election of Louis Stokes to Congress. The collection includes video recordings of 38 individuals, transcripts, interview release forms, and protocols. | | | | Call #: | MS 5416 | | | | Extent: | 0.81 linear feet (3 containers) | | | | Subjects: | African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Officials and employees. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic policy. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Civil rights | Jews -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Stokes, Carl | Stokes, Louis | Stokes family
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 165 | Title: | Roderick Boyd Porter Papers
| | | | Creator: | Porter, Roderick Boyd | | | | Dates: | 1980-1985 | | | | Abstract: | Roderick Boyd Porter served as the Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Archivist (1973-1985) and was active in neighborhood redevelopment and historic preservation in the Greater Cleveland, Ohio, area. Porter also served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Western Reserve Historical Society, as a trustee of the Cleveland Area Arts Council, and a member of the Rowfant Club. He was a member of the North Coast Village Steering Committee in the 1980s, which played a key role in the Lexington Village project and revitalization efforts in the Hough area community of Cleveland, Ohio. The collection consists of planning and development documents, project reports, proposals, correspondence, minutes, memoranda, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, and personal notes. The collection pertains to the revitalization of the Hough area, an inner city neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. It illustrates the involvement of urban renewal and re-development organizations such as the William Bingham Foundation, North Coast Village Steering Committee, the Institute of Man and Science, Glenco, and the Hough Area Partners in Progress. | | | | Call #: | MS 4646 | | | | Extent: | 0.40 linear feet (1 container) | | | | Subjects: | Porter, Roderick Boyd. | William Bingham Foundation. | North Coast Village Steering Committee. | Glenco Enterprises, Inc. | Institute of Man and Science. | Martin Luther King, Jr. Plaza Corporation. | Hough Area Partners in Progress. | Council for Economic Opportunities in Greater Cleveland (Cleveland, Ohio) | Community development -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing rehabilitation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Hough (Cleveland, Ohio)
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 166 | Title: | Russell and Rowena Jelliffe Papers
| | | | Creator: | Jelliffe, Russell and Rowena | | | | Dates: | 1914-1991 | | | | Abstract: | Russell W. and Rowena Woodham Jelliffe were social workers who in conjunction with the Second Presbyterian Church Men's Club of Cleveland, Ohio, founded the Neighborhood Association, popularly known as the Playhouse Settlement, in 1915. Founded primarily to aid African Americans who had migrated to Cleveland from the rural South, Playhouse Settlement offered the usual social services, but gained note for its dramatic and artistic programs. In 1927 the Jelliffes acquired property which was remodeled as a theater and named the Karamu Theater. In 1941, the Settlement was renamed Karamu House. The Jelliffes shared the directorship of Karamu House until their retirement in 1963, after which they served as trustees of the Karamu Foundation. Russell Jelliffe was also an active member of the Urban League, the Cleveland Community Relations Council on Race Relations, the executive committee of the local branch of the NAACP, and the Board of the Cleveland Council of Human Relations. He was involved with the Group Work Council of the Welfare Federation and was a trustee of Oberlin College and the Cleveland Civil Liberties Union. Rowena Jelliffe was involved in the NAACP, Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, the Urban League, the National Theatre Conference, the Board of Trustees of the Cleveland Guidance Center, and the Board of Directors of the American National Theatre and Academy. Both the Jelliffes received numerous honors and awards. The collection consists of correspondence, letters, journals, a diary, date books, speeches, schedules, telegrams, reports, newspaper clippings, Karamu Board of Trustee files, Karamu Foundation files, deeds, publications, blueprints, playscripts, programming information, subject files, memoranda, drawings, manuscripts, research papers and studies, certificates, awards, and scrapbooks. In addition to the personal papers of the Jelliffes, this collection contains a significant collection of the records of Karamu House, including initial negotiations with the Second Presbyterian Men's Club concerning the founding of Neighborhood Association, administrative files, histories, materials concerning the New Building Campaign of the 1940s, correspondence with Harold T. Clark, programming files, materials concerning the search for a new executive director, playscripts, publications, and scrapbooks. Also included in the collection are letters, notes, and a poem written by Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston's play, Sermon. Also included are the records of the Karumu Foundation, 1948-1977. | | | | Call #: | MS 4737 | | | | Extent: | 12.71 linear feet (14 containers, 3 oversize volumes, and 1 oversize folder) | | | | Subjects: | Jelliffe, Russell W., 1891-1980. | Jelliffe, Rowena Woodham, 1892-1992. | Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967. | Clark, Harold T. (Harold Terry), 1882-1965. | Karamu House. | Karamu Foundation. | Second Presbyterian Church (Cleveland, Ohio) Men's Club. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans in the performing arts -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American theater -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American dramatists -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Theater -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social settlements -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Rural-urban migration -- United States. | Social workers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Women social workers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Charities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 167 | Title: | Henry Lee Moon Family Papers, Series II
| | | | Creator: | Moon, Henry Lee Family | | | | Dates: | 1885-1985 | | | | Abstract: | The Henry Lee Moon family was a prominent twentieth century Cleveland, Ohio, African American family involved in civil rights and community organizations. In 1912, Roddy K. Moon helped form the Cleveland Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and served as its founding president 1912-1916. He was also on the board of the Negro Welfare Association, supported the Phillis Wheatley Association, and in 1933 organized the Palmetto Club. His wife, Leah Anna Himes Moon, was a fifty-year member of the Cleveland Branch NAACP, and with her husband was a founding member of the Forest City Garden Club. Roddy and Leah Moon had three surviving children; Joseph Herbert, Ella Elizabeth, and Henry Lee. Ella Moon was a teacher, an active member of the Forest City Garden Club, and was married to Clyde Smith. Henry Lee Moon was a newspaper editor, press relations secretary for Tuskegee Institute (1926-1931), and worked for the Federal Writers Project of the Works Progress Administration. Moon, along with his future wife and other African Americans, traveled to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for consultations concerning a government sponsored film project on the history of black America. From 1938-1944 he was race relations adviser for the Federal Public Housing Authority. He also worked as assistant director to the Political Action Committee of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). He was active with the NAACP, becoming its director of public relations in 1948-1960. He was the author of two books; Balance of Power: the Negro Vote (1948) and The Emerging Thought of W.E. B. Dubois (1972). His wife, Mollie Virgil Lewis Moon, was a pharmacist, and later worked as a social worker with the Department of Social Services in New York City. She was also a public relations executive, founder and chairman of the National Urban League Guild (1942-1962), and trustee and secretary of the National Urban League (1955-1962). After World War II, she became involved with the "brown-babies" of Germany campaign, which attempted to provide relief for orphaned or abandoned children of mixed African and European or American ancestry. The collection consists of booklets, cards, certificates, correspondence, financial records, letters, memorandum, minutes, newspaper clippings, reports, publications, pamphlets, proposals, speeches, telegrams, published and unpublished writings, and memorabilia. | | | | Call #: | MS 4823 | | | | Extent: | 1.40 linear feet (4 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Moon family. | Moon, Henry Lee, 1901- | Moon, Mollie Lewis. | Moon, Roddy K., 1868-1952. | Moon, Joseph Herbert. | Moon, Leah. | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. | National Urban League. | African Americans. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civil rights movements -- United States. | Labor movement -- United States. | African American women -- United States. | African American women -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American women public relations personnel. | African Americans -- Relations with Russians. | African American social workers. | United States -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 168 | Title: | Greater Cleveland Ethnographic Museum Records
| | | | Creator: | Greater Cleveland Ethnographic Museum | | | | Dates: | 1971-1990 | | | | Abstract: | The Greater Cleveland Ethnographic Museum was founded in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1975 to prepare exhibits for the American Revolution Bicentennial celebration in Cleveland. The exhibits were to depict contributions from Cleveland's ethnic groups to the multicultural society of the area. Following the 1976 Bicentennial celebration, the museum established a permanent office and exhibit gallery in the Old Arcade in downtown Cleveland. Although the museum closed in 1981, it was able to document the experiences of immigrants through oral histories, photographs, and other collected material. The collection consists of audio recordings, video recordings, interview transcripts, ledgers, financial documents, membership lists, board meeting minutes, correspondence, presentation materials, notes, catalog cards, exhibit materials, and museum holdings. | | | | Call #: | MS 5175 | | | | Extent: | 19.42 linear feet (21 containers, 1 oversize folder, and 1 film canister) | | | | Subjects: | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | American Revolution Bicentennial, 1776-1976 -- Exhibitions. | Chinese Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Emigration and immigration | Croatian Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Greater Cleveland Ethnographic Museum | Greeks -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Hungarian Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Immigrants -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Interviews. | Immigrants -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Indians of North America -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Irish Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Italian Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Jews -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Lithuanians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Macedonian Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Oral histories. | Russians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Serbian Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Slovenian Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Syrian Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Ukrainian Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 169 | Title: | Carl Stokes Papers
| | | | Creator: | Stokes, Carl | | | | Dates: | 1956-1972 | | | | Abstract: | Carl Stokes (1927-1996) was the Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, from 1967-1971. Stokes was the first African American mayor of a major American city and the first African American Democrat in the Ohio State Legislature, where he served three terms from 1962-1967. As mayor, Stokes launched a number of programs to alleviate the problems of urban decay. Chief among these was Cleveland: NOW!, a joint public and private program with plans to raise $177 million in its first two years to revitalize Cleveland. The program was discredited due to the Glenville Shootout in July, 1968. Under Stokes, Cleveland City Council passed the Equal Employment Opportunity Ordinance, and HUD resumed funding projects aiding in the construction of over 3,000 new low- and middle-income housing units. Stokes became a newscaster with NBC television in 1972, and returned to his law practice in Cleveland in 1980. In 1983, Stokes was elected a municipal court judge. The collection consists of correspondence, memoranda, reports, minutes, and newspaper clippings pertaining to the political career of Carl B. Stokes, including his terms in the Ohio State legislature, his mayoral campaigns, and particularly his tenure as mayor of Cleveland, Ohio. The collection details the organization of the mayor's office, and illustrates the problems that Blacks in the vanguard of social and political progress faced, as well as the challenges faced by any urban leader in the turbulent 1960s and early 1970s. Key events in Stokes' administration are illustrated, including the Glenville Shootout, the hiring and resignation of Safety Director Gen. Ben Davis, the activities of the Mayor's Council on Youth Opportunities, and Cleveland: NOW! The work of then City Council President James Stanton is represented, along with material relating to Stokes' brother Louis. Notable correspondents include Hubert Humphrey, Walter Mondale, Robert F. Kennedy, Spiro Agnew, Cyrus Eaton, Edward Kennedy, George Forbes, Jesse Jackson, and Howard Metzenbaum. | | | | Call #: | MS 4370 | | | | Extent: | 104.51 linear feet (107 containers and 1 oversize folder) | | | | Subjects: | Stokes, Carl. | Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority. | Cleveland Transit System. | Cleveland: NOW! | African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Administrative agencies -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Records and correspondence. | Air -- Pollution -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Appropriations and expenditures. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Officials and employees. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 170 | Title: | Cleveland: NOW! Records
| | | | Creator: | Cleveland: NOW! | | | | Dates: | 1967-1977 | | | | Abstract: | Cleveland: NOW! was a multiracial joint public and private program for extensive urban renewal and revitalization in Cleveland, Ohio, created by Mayor Carl B. Stokes following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968. The program planned to raise $1.5 billion over ten years. The first 2-year phase called for spending $177 million for projects in eight areas: neighborhood housing rehabilitation; accelerated urban renewal; the creation of 16,000 jobs; expansion of small business opportunities; city planning; health, welfare, and day care centers; summer recreation programs for youth; and the construction of Camp Cleveland. The program was discredited due to the Glenville Shootout of July 23, 1968, a gun battle between police and members of the Black Nationalists Organization of New Libya who obtained weapons with funds received indirectly from Cleveland: NOW! Stokes and the NOW! trustees were sued in 1970 by 8 policemen wounded in the shootout, but the suit was dismissed in 1977. Although Cleveland: NOW! met many of its initial goals, the organization ceased activities for the most part after 1970, and was formally dissolved in 1980. The collection consists of articles of incorporation, minutes, board of trustees records, correspondence, financial records, records of the major programs, publicity information, newspaper clippings, and proceedings of lawsuits. The collection pertains to a dramatic, multiracial attempt on a large scale to address and ameliorate a wide range of social ills by initial infusions of large amounts of money. The financial records and contributors correspondence contain detailed information for a possible demographic examination of contributors to the program. | | | | Call #: | MS 4501 | | | | Extent: | 3.80 linear feet (5 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Stokes, Carl. | Evans, Fred (Fred Ahmed), d.1978. | Cleveland: NOW! -- Archives. | Cleveland (Ohio). Mayor's Council on Youth Opportunities. | Near West Side Multi-Service Center (Cleveland, Ohio) | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Administrative agencies -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Records and correspondence. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community centers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social action -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Recreation. | Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing rehabilitation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social work with youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Job creation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Fund raising -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Recreation and juvenile delinquency. | Charities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Businessmen -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Charitable contributions. | Camp Cleveland (Cleveland, Ohio) | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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