Subject | • | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | [X] | | • | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | [X] | | • | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. |
(7)
| | • | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(4)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. |
(4)
| | • | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(4)
| | • | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(4)
| | • | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(4)
| | • | African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(3)
| | • | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(3)
| | • | Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(3)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. |
(3)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. |
(3)
| | • | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(3)
| | • | Stokes, Carl. |
(3)
| | • | Administrative agencies -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Records and correspondence. |
(2)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic policy. |
(2)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Officials and employees. |
(2)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio). City Council. |
(2)
| | • | Forbes, George L., 1931- |
(2)
| | • | Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. |
(2)
| | • | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Cleveland Branch. |
(2)
| | • | Social action -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(2)
| | • | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(2)
| | • | Youth -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(2)
| | • | African American lawyers -- Ohio -- Cleveland |
(1)
| | • | African American lawyers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland |
(1)
| | • | African Americans -- Civil rights |
(1)
| | • | African Americans -- Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Aged -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Air -- Pollution -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Beard, Charles, 1923-1993. |
(1)
| | • | Blythin, Edward, 1884-1958. |
(1)
| | • | Burton, Harold H. (Harold Hitz), 1888-1964. |
(1)
| | • | Businessmen -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Charitable contributions. |
(1)
| | • | Camp Cleveland (Cleveland, Ohio) |
(1)
| | • | Charities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Appropriations and expenditures. |
(1)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio). City Planning Commission. |
(1)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio). Mayor's Council on Youth Opportunities. |
(1)
| | • | Cleveland (Ohio). Mayor. |
(1)
| | • | Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority. |
(1)
| | • | Cleveland Transit System. |
(1)
| | • | Cleveland: NOW! |
(1)
| | • | Cleveland: NOW! -- Archives. |
(1)
| | • | Community centers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Community development corporations -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Davis family. |
(1)
| | • | Davis, Russell Howard, 1897-1976. |
(1)
| | • | Evans, Fred (Fred Ahmed), d.1978. |
(1)
| | • | Fair Housing Inc. (Cleveland, Ohio) |
(1)
| | • | Federation for Community Planning. |
(1)
| | • | Friends of Shaker Square. |
(1)
| | • | Fund raising -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | German Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Health planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Hough (Cleveland, Ohio) |
(1)
| | • | Housing rehabilitation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Jews -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Job creation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Judges -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Labor disputes -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Lewis, Fannie M., 1926- |
(1)
| | • | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Cleveland Branch -- History. |
(1)
| | • | Near West Side Multi-Service Center (Cleveland, Ohio) |
(1)
| | • | Plan of Action for Tomorrow's Housing (Cleveland, Ohio). |
(1)
| | • | Poor -- Ohio -- Cleveland |
(1)
| | • | Public utilities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Recreation and juvenile delinquency. |
(1)
| | • | School integration -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Social work with youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Stokes family |
(1)
| | • | Stokes, Carl |
(1)
| | • | Stokes, Louis |
(1)
| | • | Strikes and lockouts -- Steel industry -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
| | • | Tuskegee Airmen, Inc. North Coast Chapter. |
(1)
| | • | Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Recreation. |
(1)
| | • | Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. |
(1)
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| | Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 1 | Title: | Russell Howard Davis Papers
| | | | Creator: | Davis, Russell Howard | | | | Dates: | 1897-1977 | | | | Abstract: | Russell Howard Davis (1897-1976) was an educator, community activist, historian, and author of the first comprehensive history of African Americans in Cleveland, Ohio. Davis drew from his brother Harry's unfinished manuscript on Blacks in Cleveland and published it in two volumes, Memorable Negroes in Cleveland's Past (1969) and Black Americans in Cleveland (1974). The collection consists of family records and histories, correspondence, organizational records and notes, manuscripts by Davis and other authors, and miscellaneous printed materials and newspaper clippings. | | | | Call #: | MS 4031 | | | | Extent: | 10.81 linear feet (12 containers and 1 oversize folder) | | | | Subjects: | Davis, Russell Howard, 1897-1976. | Davis family. | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Cleveland Branch -- History. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | School integration -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Aged -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 2 | Title: | George Forbes Papers
| | | | Creator: | Forbes, Geoge | | | | Dates: | 1966-1990 | | | | Abstract: | George L. Forbes (b. 1931) was arguably the most powerful man in Cleveland, Ohio, politics during the 1970s and 1980s. His position as the President of Cleveland City Council from 1974-1989 was crucial in the relationships he formed with mayors Dennis Kucinich and George Voinovich which were sometimes contentious. He also used this prominent position to promote civil rights and minority-owned businesses. Forbes was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1931, coming to the Cleveland area in the 1950s to earn his degrees from Baldwin Wallace College in 1957 and the Cleveland Marshall College of Law in 1961. A lawyer by profession, Forbes was admitted to both the Ohio and Federal Bars in 1962. In 1963 he was elected to Cleveland City Council, where he served for 27 years. He assisted Carl B. Stokes in his mayoral runs, helped to establish the 21st District Congressional Caucus to improve race relations within the Democratic party, and formed the first African-American law firm in Cleveland. He was also involved in a number of civic organizations, including the Cleveland Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), where he served as President from 1992-2012, The Urban League, The Council of Economic Opportunity, the Businessmen's Interracial Committee on Community Affairs, the John Harlan Law Club, and the National Association of Defense Lawyers for Criminal Cases. Currently (as of May 2012), he is involved in the Freedom to Marry movement to end marriage discrimination against gay couples in Ohio and has resigned from the NAACP Presidency. George L. Forbes has also been embroiled in numerous controversies during his political life. He was acquitted of bribery, extortion, and theft in office in 1979, has plead guilty to ethics violations in dealing with the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation in 2007, and was sanctioned by the Ohio Supreme Court in 2008, which put his law license in jeopardy. During his career he has advocated for the poor and minority groups. He has worked against racial discrimination within a number of organizations, including the Regional Transit Authority and the Cleveland Police Force, created a mandate that a minimum percentage of construction work within the city be done by minority contractors/workers, and battled to improve inner city schools. The collection consists of awards, certificates, correspondence, financial records, legal documents, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, posters, research materials, speeches, and surveys. | | | | Call #: | MS 5136 | | | | Extent: | 2.81 linear feet (4 containers and 1 oversize folder) | | | | Subjects: | Forbes, George L., 1931- | Cleveland (Ohio). City Council. | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Cleveland Branch. | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American lawyers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 3 | Title: | MS 5433 George Forbes Papers, Series II
| | | | Creator: | George Forbes | | | | Dates: | 1945-2014 | | | | Abstract: | George L. Forbes (b. 1931) was arguably the most powerful man in Cleveland politics during the 1970s and 1980s. His position as the President of Cleveland City Council from 1974-1989 was crucial in the relationships he formed with mayors Dennis Kucinich and George Voinovich which were sometimes contentious. He also used this prominent position to promote civil rights and minority-owned businesses. Forbes was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1931, coming to the Cleveland area in the 1950s to earn his degrees from Baldwin Wallace College in 1957 and the Cleveland Marshall College of Law in 1961. A lawyer by profession, Forbes was admitted to both the Ohio and Federal Bars in 1962. In 1963 he was elected to Cleveland City Council, where he served for 27 years. He assisted Carl B. Stokes in his mayoral runs, helped to establish the 21st District Congressional Caucus to improve race relations within the Democratic party, and formed the first African-American law firm in Cleveland. He was also involved in a number of civic organizations, including the Cleveland Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), where he served as President from 1992-2012, The Urban League, The Council of Economic Opportunity, the Businessmen's Interracial Committee on Community Affairs, the John Harlan Law Club, and the National Association of Defense Lawyers for Criminal Cases. He was acquitted of bribery, extortion, and theft in office in 1979, has plead guilty to ethics violations in dealing with the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation in 2007, and was sanctioned by the Ohio Supreme Court in 2008, which put his law license in jeopardy. During his career he has advocated for the poor and minority groups. He has worked against racial discrimination within a number of organizations, including the Regional Transit Authority and the Cleveland Police Force, created a mandate that a minimum percentage of construction work within the city be done by minority contractors/workers, and battled to improve city schools. The collection consists of awards, certificates, correspondence, financial records, legal documents, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, posters, research materials, reports, speeches, survey, and audiovisual recordings. | | | | Call #: | MS 5433 | | | | Extent: | 28.01 linear feet (31 containers, including one oversized container and one oversized folder) | | | | Subjects: | African American lawyers -- Ohio -- Cleveland | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Forbes, George L., 1931- | Cleveland (Ohio). City Council. | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Cleveland Branch. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 4 | Title: | Carl Stokes Papers, Series II
| | | | Creator: | Stokes, Carl | | | | Dates: | 1947-1992 | | | | Abstract: | Carl Stokes was the mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 1967-1971. Stokes was the first African American mayor of a major American city and the first African American Democrat in the Ohio State Legislature, where he served three terms from 1962-1967. As mayor, Stokes launched a number of programs to alleviate the problems of urban decay. Chief among these was Cleveland: NOW!, a joint public and private program with plans to raise $177 million in its first two years to revitalize Cleveland. The program was discredited due to the Glenville Shootout in July, 1968. Under Stokes, Cleveland City Council passed the Equal Employment Opportunity Ordinance, and HUD resumed funding projects aiding in the construction of over 3,000 new low- and middle-income housing units. Stokes became a newscaster with NBC television in 1972, and returned to his law practice in Cleveland in 1980. In 1983, Stokes was elected a municipal court judge. The collection consists of speeches, correspondence, datebooks, budgets, lectures, newspaper clippings, publications, telegrams, reports, resumes, agendas, press releases, programs, flyers, certificates, legal documents, newsletters, transcripts, proposals, lists, minutes, and a yearbook. | | | | Call #: | MS 4800 | | | | Extent: | 1.20 linear feet (3 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Stokes, Carl. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio). Mayor. | Judges -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 5 | Title: | Stokes Oral History Collection
| | | | Creator: | Cuyahoga Community College, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland State University | | | | Dates: | 2017 | | | | Abstract: | Carl Stokes, and his brother Louis, were groundbreaking African-American politicians from Cleveland, Ohio. Carl Stokes became the first black mayor of a major U.S. city when elected in 1967. Louis Stokes was the first African-American congressman from Ohio when he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1968, a position he held for 15 consecutive terms. During Carl Stokes' two mayoral terms, city hall jobs were opened to blacks and women, and a number of urban renewal projects initiated. Between 1983 and 1994 Carl Stokes served as municipal judge, and in 1994 was appointed by President Clinton as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of the Seychelles. Louis Stokes began his career as a civil rights attorney and helped challenge the Ohio redistricting in 1965 that fragmented African-American voting strength. In 1967, Louis Stokes argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in the Terry v. Ohio case, also known as the "stop-and-frisk" case. In the 1970s, Louis Stokes served as chair of the House Select Committee on Assassinations and in the 1980s was a noted member of the House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran. The interviews were conducted during 2017 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Carl Stokes' election as mayor and the election of Louis Stokes to Congress. The collection includes video recordings of 38 individuals, transcripts, interview release forms, and protocols. | | | | Call #: | MS 5416 | | | | Extent: | 0.81 linear feet (3 containers) | | | | Subjects: | African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Officials and employees. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic policy. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Civil rights | Jews -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Stokes, Carl | Stokes, Louis | Stokes family
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 6 | Title: | Charles Beard Papers
| | | | Creator: | Beard, Charles | | | | Dates: | 1919-1975 | | | | Abstract: | Charles Beard was born in Georgia and raised in Newport, Rhode Island. He enlisted in the United States Air Force during World War II, serving as a fighter pilot, after training at Tuskegee Air Force Base. In 1945, he moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and attended Western Reserve University. In 1946, he served as a junior city planner for the City Planning Commission, and in the 1950s worked for the Cleveland Urban Renewal Agency. In the late 1950s, he was promoted to Chief City Planner for Cleveland, and in the 1960s, became the Director of Plan of Action for Tomorrow's Housing (PATH). From the late 1970s to the early 1980s, he held a position as a government liaison with the Federation for Community Planning. He also was founder of the Friends of Shaker Square and Fair Housing, Inc. He helped organize the North Coast Chapter of the Tuskegee Airmen, Inc., in 1993. The collection consists of reports, speeches, proposals, correspondence, agendas, annual reports, financial statements, newsletters, notes, ordinances, bibliographies, booklets, tables, pamphlets, publications, lists, and maps. The majority of the material relates to Beard's career as Chief City Planner for the City Planning Commission. | | | | Call #: | MS 4802 | | | | Extent: | 1.80 linear feet (3 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Beard, Charles, 1923-1993. | Cleveland (Ohio). City Planning Commission. | Federation for Community Planning. | Plan of Action for Tomorrow's Housing (Cleveland, Ohio). | Fair Housing Inc. (Cleveland, Ohio) | Friends of Shaker Square. | Tuskegee Airmen, Inc. North Coast Chapter. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 7 | Title: | Harold H. Burton-Edward Blythin Papers
| | | | Creator: | Burton, Harold H. and Blythin, Edward | | | | Dates: | 1933-1941 | | | | Abstract: | Harold H. Burton (1888-1964) was mayor of Cleveland, Ohio (1935-1940). When he was elected to the United States Senate in 1940 he chose Edward Blythin (1884-1958) to fill the remainder of his last term as mayor (1941). The collection consists of office files of the mayor of Cleveland containing correspondence, reports, speeches, proclamations, and newspaper clippings, relating to routine administrative matters and topics of special interest. | | | | Call #: | MS 3828 | | | | Extent: | 8.20 linear feet (9 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Blythin, Edward, 1884-1958. | Burton, Harold H. (Harold Hitz), 1888-1964. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | German Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Labor disputes -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Strikes and lockouts -- Steel industry -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Public utilities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 8 | Title: | Carl Stokes Papers
| | | | Creator: | Stokes, Carl | | | | Dates: | 1956-1972 | | | | Abstract: | Carl Stokes (1927-1996) was the Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, from 1967-1971. Stokes was the first African American mayor of a major American city and the first African American Democrat in the Ohio State Legislature, where he served three terms from 1962-1967. As mayor, Stokes launched a number of programs to alleviate the problems of urban decay. Chief among these was Cleveland: NOW!, a joint public and private program with plans to raise $177 million in its first two years to revitalize Cleveland. The program was discredited due to the Glenville Shootout in July, 1968. Under Stokes, Cleveland City Council passed the Equal Employment Opportunity Ordinance, and HUD resumed funding projects aiding in the construction of over 3,000 new low- and middle-income housing units. Stokes became a newscaster with NBC television in 1972, and returned to his law practice in Cleveland in 1980. In 1983, Stokes was elected a municipal court judge. The collection consists of correspondence, memoranda, reports, minutes, and newspaper clippings pertaining to the political career of Carl B. Stokes, including his terms in the Ohio State legislature, his mayoral campaigns, and particularly his tenure as mayor of Cleveland, Ohio. The collection details the organization of the mayor's office, and illustrates the problems that Blacks in the vanguard of social and political progress faced, as well as the challenges faced by any urban leader in the turbulent 1960s and early 1970s. Key events in Stokes' administration are illustrated, including the Glenville Shootout, the hiring and resignation of Safety Director Gen. Ben Davis, the activities of the Mayor's Council on Youth Opportunities, and Cleveland: NOW! The work of then City Council President James Stanton is represented, along with material relating to Stokes' brother Louis. Notable correspondents include Hubert Humphrey, Walter Mondale, Robert F. Kennedy, Spiro Agnew, Cyrus Eaton, Edward Kennedy, George Forbes, Jesse Jackson, and Howard Metzenbaum. | | | | Call #: | MS 4370 | | | | Extent: | 104.51 linear feet (107 containers and 1 oversize folder) | | | | Subjects: | Stokes, Carl. | Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority. | Cleveland Transit System. | Cleveland: NOW! | African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Administrative agencies -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Records and correspondence. | Air -- Pollution -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Appropriations and expenditures. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Officials and employees. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 9 | Title: | Fannie M. Lewis Papers
| | | | Creator: | Lewis, Fannie M. | | | | Dates: | 1965-1976 | | | | Abstract: | Fannie M. Lewis (1926-2008) was an African American activist and Cleveland, Ohio, councilwoman. She was involved in a number of Hough neighborhood improvement programs, including Community Action for Youth, Neighborhood Youth Corps, Model Cities Association, and the Citizen's Participation Organization. She became a city councilwoman from Cleveland's Ward 7 in 1982. The collection consists of personal papers and the records and subject files relating to Lewis' work with the Model Cities Association, Neighborhood Youth Corps, and other community organizations. Included are articles of incorporation, bylaws, trustee minutes, monthly reports, financial records, proposals, correspondence, memoranda, residency lists, posters, and newspaper clippings. The collection is useful to the study of Cleveland community development programs and Fanny Lewis' efforts with these programs. Some materials relate to racism, politics, and local government in Cleveland during the 1960s and 1970s. | | | | Call #: | MS 4341 | | | | Extent: | 14.00 linear feet (16 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Lewis, Fannie M., 1926- | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community development corporations -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social action -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Poor -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Health planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Hough (Cleveland, Ohio) | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 10 | Title: | Cleveland: NOW! Records
| | | | Creator: | Cleveland: NOW! | | | | Dates: | 1967-1977 | | | | Abstract: | Cleveland: NOW! was a multiracial joint public and private program for extensive urban renewal and revitalization in Cleveland, Ohio, created by Mayor Carl B. Stokes following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968. The program planned to raise $1.5 billion over ten years. The first 2-year phase called for spending $177 million for projects in eight areas: neighborhood housing rehabilitation; accelerated urban renewal; the creation of 16,000 jobs; expansion of small business opportunities; city planning; health, welfare, and day care centers; summer recreation programs for youth; and the construction of Camp Cleveland. The program was discredited due to the Glenville Shootout of July 23, 1968, a gun battle between police and members of the Black Nationalists Organization of New Libya who obtained weapons with funds received indirectly from Cleveland: NOW! Stokes and the NOW! trustees were sued in 1970 by 8 policemen wounded in the shootout, but the suit was dismissed in 1977. Although Cleveland: NOW! met many of its initial goals, the organization ceased activities for the most part after 1970, and was formally dissolved in 1980. The collection consists of articles of incorporation, minutes, board of trustees records, correspondence, financial records, records of the major programs, publicity information, newspaper clippings, and proceedings of lawsuits. The collection pertains to a dramatic, multiracial attempt on a large scale to address and ameliorate a wide range of social ills by initial infusions of large amounts of money. The financial records and contributors correspondence contain detailed information for a possible demographic examination of contributors to the program. | | | | Call #: | MS 4501 | | | | Extent: | 3.80 linear feet (5 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Stokes, Carl. | Evans, Fred (Fred Ahmed), d.1978. | Cleveland: NOW! -- Archives. | Cleveland (Ohio). Mayor's Council on Youth Opportunities. | Near West Side Multi-Service Center (Cleveland, Ohio) | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Administrative agencies -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Records and correspondence. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community centers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social action -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Recreation. | Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing rehabilitation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social work with youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Job creation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Fund raising -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Recreation and juvenile delinquency. | Charities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Businessmen -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Charitable contributions. | Camp Cleveland (Cleveland, Ohio) | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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