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•Manuscript Collection (11)
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•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.[X]
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions.[X]
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. (7)
•African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (5)
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. (5)
•Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (4)
•Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (4)
•Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (4)
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. (3)
•Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (3)
•Race discrimination -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (3)
•Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (3)
•Administrative agencies -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Records and correspondence. (2)
•African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•African Americans -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Churches -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Cities and towns -- Research -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•City and town life -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Religious aspects. (2)
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic policy. (2)
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Officials and employees. (2)
•Community leadership -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Community power -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Affairs Commission. (2)
•Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland. (2)
•Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. (2)
•Interdenominational cooperation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Interviews -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Local church councils -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Political leadership -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Political participation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Social action -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Sociology, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Stokes, Carl. (2)
•Urbanization -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•Youth -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (2)
•African Americans -- Civil rights (1)
•African Americans -- Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•African Americans -- Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Social work with. (1)
•Air -- Pollution -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•American Friends Service Committee. (1)
•Attitude (Psychology) -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Black power -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Boycott -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Bruch, Karl F., Jr. (1)
•Businessmen -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Charitable contributions. (1)
•Camp Cleveland (Cleveland, Ohio) (1)
•Campbell, Thomas F. (1)
•Case Western Reserve University. Dept. of History. (1)
•Charities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•City Club of Cleveland. (1)
•City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland (1)
•Civic leaders -- Ohio -- Cleveland (1)
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Appropriations and expenditures. (1)
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- Ethnic relations. (1)
•Cleveland (Ohio) -- History. (1)
•Cleveland (Ohio). Mayor's Council on Youth Opportunities. (1)
•Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority. (1)
•Cleveland Public Library (1)
•Cleveland Restoration Society. (1)
•Cleveland State Univeristy. (1)
•Cleveland State University. (1)
•Cleveland State University. College of Urban Affairs. (1)
•Cleveland State University. Dept. of History. (1)
•Cleveland Transit System. (1)
•Cleveland: NOW! (1)
•Cleveland: NOW! -- Archives. (1)
•College administrators -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•College teachers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Community centers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Community development corporations -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Community welfare councils -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Crime -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Criminal justice, Administration of -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Evans, Fred (Fred Ahmed), d.1978. (1)
•Fair Housing Inc. (Cleveland, Ohio) (1)
•Fenn College. (1)
•Friends of Howe Mansion. (1)
•Friends of Shaker Square. (1)
•Fund raising -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Future Outlook League. (1)
•Health planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Historic preservation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Hough (Cleveland, Ohio) (1)
•Housing rehabilitation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Irish American Archives Society (Cleveland, Ohio) (1)
•Irish Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Irish Americans. (1)
•Irish-American Partnership. (1)
•Jews -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Job creation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Leadership. (1)
•Lewis, Fannie M., 1926- (1)
•Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs. (1)
•Mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Biography (1)
•Minorities -- Ohio -- Cleveland (1)
•Minorities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Municiapl home rule -- Ohio -- Cleveland (1)
•Near West Side Multi-Service Center (Cleveland, Ohio) (1)
•Neighborhood planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Northern Ireland -- Politics and government. (1)
•Ohio State University. Dept. of History. (1)
•Philosophical Club of Cleveland. (1)
•Picketing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Police -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Poor -- Ohio -- Cleveland (1)
•Race relations. (1)
•Recreation and juvenile delinquency. (1)
•Riots -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Shaker Square (Cleveland, Ohio) (1)
•Social Welfare History Group (1)
•Social surveys -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Social work with youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Stokes family (1)
•Stokes, Carl (1)
•Stokes, Louis (1)
•United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Commission on Religion and Race. (1)
•United Presbyterian Church of North America. (1)
•Urban League of Cleveland. (1)
•Voting research -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Western Reserve Historical Society. History Library. (1)
•Women -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
•Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Recreation. (1)
•Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. (1)
Manuscript CollectionSave
1Title:  Urban League of Cleveland Records     
 Creator:  Urban League of Cleveland 
 Dates:  1914-1971 
 Abstract:  The Urban League of Cleveland was organized in 1917, in Cleveland, Ohio, as the Negro Welfare Association of Cleveland. It joined the National Urban League in 1930 and changed its name to the Urban League of Cleveland in 1940. Its purpose is interracial planning to help the community devise solutions to social and economic problems. The collection consists of minutes, reports, correspondence, speeches, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, brochures, financial and membership records, and files of Director Ernest Cooper and Deputy-Director Anita Polk. 
 Call #:  MS 3573 
 Extent:  19.00 linear feet (50 containers and 5 oversize volumes) 
 Subjects:  Urban League of Cleveland. | African Americans -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Social work with. | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community welfare councils -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions.
 
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2Title:  Future Outlook League Records     
 Creator:  Future Outlook League 
 Dates:  1935-1959 
 Abstract:  The Future Outlook League was a Cleveland, Ohio, civil rights organization founded in 1935 by John Oliver Holly to promote employment, mobility, and equality for black youth and young adults in the Central area. Holly, the League's first president, was a political office holder in the area. The idea for the League grew out of dissatisfaction with the achievements of existing Negro organizations concerning employment. The organization appealed to both unskilled and semi-skilled Afro-Americans and was one of the first black organizations in the late 1930s to use picketing and economic boycotts to secure employment for Negroes. Supported primarily by weekly fees assessed to those who obtained jobs through the League, the organization integrated staffs of banks, stores, utilities, and industry. Integration of area neighborhoods was also a concern. The collection consists of minutes, financial materials, subject files, scrapbooks, and membership cards. The collection pertains largely to the establishment of the League and its activities in promoting employment and civil rights on behalf of Cleveland's black community. The membership cards reveal characteristics of that community by providing information on marital status, age, occupation, education, and residence. The scrapbooks detail the League's activities against small, local establishments, as well as national chains, such as the A&P Company, Belle Vernon Products, Lawson's Stores, and People's Drug Stores. 
 Call #:  MS 4171 
 Extent:  5.91 linear feet (13 containers and 1 oversize folder) 
 Subjects:  Future Outlook League. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Race discrimination -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Black power -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Boycott -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Picketing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions.
 
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3Title:  Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland Records, Series II     
 Creator:  Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland 
 Dates:  1941-1975 
 Abstract:  The Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland is interdenominational organization founded in 1911 as the Federated Churches of Cleveland to coordinate the community welfare and education activities of 67 Cleveland, Ohio, churches. In 1934, a new constitution was adopted, which officially changed the name of the organization to the Cleveland Church Federation. A new constitution in 1958 changed the Federation's name to the Cleveland Area Church Federation. In 1965 the Cleveland Area Church Federation adopted another new constitution and new name, Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland, and in 1985, the Council adopted its present name, Interchurch Council of Greater Cleveland. The Metropolitan Affairs Commission was one of three commissions organized within the Council of Churches ca. 1965. It was responsible for issue-centered action programs during the 1960s in three areas; race, civil rights, and poverty. The collection consists of agendas, minutes, reports, memos, notes, correspondence, rosters, budget ledgers, contracts, financial statements, income tax forms, insurance policies, posters, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, press releases, newsletters, schedules, and transcripts. 
 Call #:  MS 4813 
 Extent:  2.60 linear feet (4 containers and 3 oversize folders) 
 Subjects:  Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland. | Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Affairs Commission. | Churches -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Local church councils -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Interdenominational cooperation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Religious aspects. | Urbanization -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions.
 
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4Title:  Karl F. Bruch, Jr. Papers     
 Creator:  Bruch, Karl F., Jr. 
 Dates:  1951-1973 
 Abstract:  Karl F. Bruch Jr. was active in church, politics, and civil rights in the Cleveland, Ohio, area, particularly during the 1960s-1970s. He was president of Fair Housing Inc., a real estate company committed to integrating neighborhoods in the Cleveland area. He was also a member of the Greater Cleveland Council of Churches and a director of its Metropolitan Affairs Commission, and the United Presbyterian Church's Synod of Ohio Evangelism and Social Witness and the Commission on Religion and Race. Bruch was also a member of the Fenn College Board of Trustees at the time it was incorporated into Cleveland State University. The collection consists of agendas, minutes of meetings, reports, a roster, newspaper clippings, newsletters, correspondence, announcements, legal documents, press releases, and financial documents. 
 Call #:  MS 4815 
 Extent:  3.00 linear feet (3 containers) 
 Subjects:  Bruch, Karl F., Jr. | Fenn College. | Cleveland State University. | United Presbyterian Church of North America. | United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Commission on Religion and Race. | Fair Housing Inc. (Cleveland, Ohio) | Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland. | Council of Churches of Christ of Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Affairs Commission. | Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Religious aspects. | Urbanization -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Churches -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Local church councils -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Interdenominational cooperation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions.
 
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5Title:  Stokes Oral History Collection     
 Creator:  Cuyahoga Community College, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland State University 
 Dates:  2017 
 Abstract:  Carl Stokes, and his brother Louis, were groundbreaking African-American politicians from Cleveland, Ohio. Carl Stokes became the first black mayor of a major U.S. city when elected in 1967. Louis Stokes was the first African-American congressman from Ohio when he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1968, a position he held for 15 consecutive terms. During Carl Stokes' two mayoral terms, city hall jobs were opened to blacks and women, and a number of urban renewal projects initiated. Between 1983 and 1994 Carl Stokes served as municipal judge, and in 1994 was appointed by President Clinton as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of the Seychelles. Louis Stokes began his career as a civil rights attorney and helped challenge the Ohio redistricting in 1965 that fragmented African-American voting strength. In 1967, Louis Stokes argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in the Terry v. Ohio case, also known as the "stop-and-frisk" case. In the 1970s, Louis Stokes served as chair of the House Select Committee on Assassinations and in the 1980s was a noted member of the House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran. The interviews were conducted during 2017 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Carl Stokes' election as mayor and the election of Louis Stokes to Congress. The collection includes video recordings of 38 individuals, transcripts, interview release forms, and protocols. 
 Call #:  MS 5416 
 Extent:  0.81 linear feet (3 containers) 
 Subjects:  African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Officials and employees. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic policy. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Civil rights | Jews -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Stokes, Carl | Stokes, Louis | Stokes family
 
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6Title:  Thomas F. Campbell Papers     
 Creator:  Campbell, Thomas F. 
 Dates:  1897-2004 
 Abstract:  Thomas Campbell was an author, community leader, and professor and university administrator who co-founded the Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs at Cleveland State University and served as its director. Campbell served as president of the City Club of Cleveland, and was instrumental in opening its doors to women. He directed the Cleveland Heritage Program for Cleveland Public Library. He ran for mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1977. He founded the Irish American Archives Society and was deeply involved in the Irish American community of Cleveland, as well as numerous other groups in the Cleveland, Ohio area. The collection consists of agendas, awards, biographical data, correspondence, diaries, a dissertation, examination papers, flyers, invitations, magazine articles, memberships, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, plays, poems, programs, recipes, reports, resumes, speeches, workshops and writings. 
 Call #:  MS 4925 
 Extent:  9.43 linear feet (10 containers and 3 oversize folders) 
 Subjects:  Campbell, Thomas F. | Case Western Reserve University. Dept. of History. | Ohio State University. Dept. of History. | Cleveland State Univeristy. | Cleveland State University. Dept. of History. | Cleveland State University. College of Urban Affairs. | Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs. | Cleveland Public Library | City Club of Cleveland. | Irish American Archives Society (Cleveland, Ohio) | Western Reserve Historical Society. History Library. | Cleveland Restoration Society. | Friends of Howe Mansion. | Social Welfare History Group | Friends of Shaker Square. | Irish-American Partnership. | American Friends Service Committee. | Philosophical Club of Cleveland. | Irish Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Irish Americans. | College teachers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | College administrators -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civic leaders -- Ohio -- Cleveland | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Crime -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Criminal justice, Administration of -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Historic preservation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Biography | Minorities -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Municiapl home rule -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Neighborhood planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Police -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Riots -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Women -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Ethnic relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- History. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Shaker Square (Cleveland, Ohio) | Northern Ireland -- Politics and government.
 
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7Title:  Maurice Klain Research Papers : Cleveland Area Leadership Studies, Series I     
 Creator:  Klain, Maurice 
 Dates:  1957-1965 
 Abstract:  The Cleveland Area Leadership Studies were produced by Dr. Klain, a political scientist at Western Reserve University (Case Western Reserve University since 1967), as a scholarly project to identify, describe and analyze leadership, decision-making, influence and power in Greater Cleveland, Ohio, during the 1950s and 1960s. The people interviewed were eminent figures in the business and professional life of Cleveland, prominent in government, law and politics, education, journalism, religion, philanthropy, non-governmental civic institutions, ethnic communities and social activism. The collection is therefore critical to the study of Cleveland in the 1960s. Because the collection was produced on the eve of the racial conflicts which shook the U.S. in the 1960s and which erupted in Cleveland's Hough neighborhood during 1966, Klain has characterized such interviews as "conversations on a powderkeg." The collection is comprised of the second drafts of the interview transcripts. The Klain research papers constitute an extensive and massive body of information about the Cleveland metropolitan region, its leaders, groups and interests. The heart of the study is embodied in over 700 transcripts of interviews conducted by Klain and his graduate students from 1957 to 1965. Included are a number of interviews with members of the exclusive Fifty Club and the founders of University Circle, Incorporated. 
 Call #:  MS 4219 
 Extent:  14.0 linear feet (14 containers) 
 Subjects:  Cities and towns -- Research -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political participation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Sociology, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City and town life -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Leadership. | Community leadership -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political leadership -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Race discrimination -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Race relations. | Community power -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Interviews -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions.
 
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8Title:  Maurice Klain Research Papers : Cleveland Area Leadership Studies, Series II     
 Creator:  Klain, Maurice 
 Dates:  1937-1972 
 Abstract:  The Cleveland Area Leadership Study was a major research project designed to study the power base of greater Cleveland, Ohio, with emphasis on the decision-making process and the role of various community leaders. The project was supervised by Maurice Klain, professor in the Department of Political Science at Western Reserve University. The collection consists of correspondence, memoranda, interview transcripts, a subject file, questionnaires, raw data from Klain's studies on endorsements and voter tabulations, interpretative computer printouts, and newspaper clippings. 
 Call #:  MS 4305 
 Extent:  30.80 linear feet (33 containers) 
 Subjects:  Community leadership -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community power -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political leadership -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Interviews -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Attitude (Psychology) -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Minorities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social surveys -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Voting research -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political participation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cities and towns -- Research -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City and town life -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Race discrimination -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Sociology, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
 
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9Title:  Fannie M. Lewis Papers     
 Creator:  Lewis, Fannie M. 
 Dates:  1965-1976 
 Abstract:  Fannie M. Lewis (1926-2008) was an African American activist and Cleveland, Ohio, councilwoman. She was involved in a number of Hough neighborhood improvement programs, including Community Action for Youth, Neighborhood Youth Corps, Model Cities Association, and the Citizen's Participation Organization. She became a city councilwoman from Cleveland's Ward 7 in 1982. The collection consists of personal papers and the records and subject files relating to Lewis' work with the Model Cities Association, Neighborhood Youth Corps, and other community organizations. Included are articles of incorporation, bylaws, trustee minutes, monthly reports, financial records, proposals, correspondence, memoranda, residency lists, posters, and newspaper clippings. The collection is useful to the study of Cleveland community development programs and Fanny Lewis' efforts with these programs. Some materials relate to racism, politics, and local government in Cleveland during the 1960s and 1970s. 
 Call #:  MS 4341 
 Extent:  14.00 linear feet (16 containers) 
 Subjects:  Lewis, Fannie M., 1926- | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community development corporations -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social action -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Poor -- Ohio -- Cleveland | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Health planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Hough (Cleveland, Ohio) | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
 
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10Title:  Carl Stokes Papers     
 Creator:  Stokes, Carl 
 Dates:  1956-1972 
 Abstract:  Carl Stokes (1927-1996) was the Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, from 1967-1971. Stokes was the first African American mayor of a major American city and the first African American Democrat in the Ohio State Legislature, where he served three terms from 1962-1967. As mayor, Stokes launched a number of programs to alleviate the problems of urban decay. Chief among these was Cleveland: NOW!, a joint public and private program with plans to raise $177 million in its first two years to revitalize Cleveland. The program was discredited due to the Glenville Shootout in July, 1968. Under Stokes, Cleveland City Council passed the Equal Employment Opportunity Ordinance, and HUD resumed funding projects aiding in the construction of over 3,000 new low- and middle-income housing units. Stokes became a newscaster with NBC television in 1972, and returned to his law practice in Cleveland in 1980. In 1983, Stokes was elected a municipal court judge. The collection consists of correspondence, memoranda, reports, minutes, and newspaper clippings pertaining to the political career of Carl B. Stokes, including his terms in the Ohio State legislature, his mayoral campaigns, and particularly his tenure as mayor of Cleveland, Ohio. The collection details the organization of the mayor's office, and illustrates the problems that Blacks in the vanguard of social and political progress faced, as well as the challenges faced by any urban leader in the turbulent 1960s and early 1970s. Key events in Stokes' administration are illustrated, including the Glenville Shootout, the hiring and resignation of Safety Director Gen. Ben Davis, the activities of the Mayor's Council on Youth Opportunities, and Cleveland: NOW! The work of then City Council President James Stanton is represented, along with material relating to Stokes' brother Louis. Notable correspondents include Hubert Humphrey, Walter Mondale, Robert F. Kennedy, Spiro Agnew, Cyrus Eaton, Edward Kennedy, George Forbes, Jesse Jackson, and Howard Metzenbaum. 
 Call #:  MS 4370 
 Extent:  104.51 linear feet (107 containers and 1 oversize folder) 
 Subjects:  Stokes, Carl. | Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority. | Cleveland Transit System. | Cleveland: NOW! | African American mayors -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African American politicians -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Administrative agencies -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Records and correspondence. | Air -- Pollution -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | City planning -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Political campaigns -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Appropriations and expenditures. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Officials and employees. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
 
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11Title:  Cleveland: NOW! Records     
 Creator:  Cleveland: NOW! 
 Dates:  1967-1977 
 Abstract:  Cleveland: NOW! was a multiracial joint public and private program for extensive urban renewal and revitalization in Cleveland, Ohio, created by Mayor Carl B. Stokes following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968. The program planned to raise $1.5 billion over ten years. The first 2-year phase called for spending $177 million for projects in eight areas: neighborhood housing rehabilitation; accelerated urban renewal; the creation of 16,000 jobs; expansion of small business opportunities; city planning; health, welfare, and day care centers; summer recreation programs for youth; and the construction of Camp Cleveland. The program was discredited due to the Glenville Shootout of July 23, 1968, a gun battle between police and members of the Black Nationalists Organization of New Libya who obtained weapons with funds received indirectly from Cleveland: NOW! Stokes and the NOW! trustees were sued in 1970 by 8 policemen wounded in the shootout, but the suit was dismissed in 1977. Although Cleveland: NOW! met many of its initial goals, the organization ceased activities for the most part after 1970, and was formally dissolved in 1980. The collection consists of articles of incorporation, minutes, board of trustees records, correspondence, financial records, records of the major programs, publicity information, newspaper clippings, and proceedings of lawsuits. The collection pertains to a dramatic, multiracial attempt on a large scale to address and ameliorate a wide range of social ills by initial infusions of large amounts of money. The financial records and contributors correspondence contain detailed information for a possible demographic examination of contributors to the program. 
 Call #:  MS 4501 
 Extent:  3.80 linear feet (5 containers) 
 Subjects:  Stokes, Carl. | Evans, Fred (Fred Ahmed), d.1978. | Cleveland: NOW! -- Archives. | Cleveland (Ohio). Mayor's Council on Youth Opportunities. | Near West Side Multi-Service Center (Cleveland, Ohio) | African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Administrative agencies -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Records and correspondence. | Community development, Urban -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Community centers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social action -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Employment -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Recreation. | Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968. | Urban renewal -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Urban policy -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Housing rehabilitation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Social work with youth -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Job creation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Fund raising -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Recreation and juvenile delinquency. | Charities -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Businessmen -- Ohio -- Cleveland -- Charitable contributions. | Camp Cleveland (Cleveland, Ohio) | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social policy. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Social conditions. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
 
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