| | Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 1 | Title: | James L. Hardiman Reed v. Rhodes Papers
| | | | Creator: | Hardiman, James L. | | | | Dates: | 1972-2001 | | | | Abstract: | James L. Hardiman (b. 1941), was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Sally and Albert Hardiman and a graduate of John Jay High School in the Cleveland Public School System during the 1950s. Hardiman earned a bachelor's degree from Baldwin-Wallace College in 1963 and his Juris Doctorate from Cleveland Marshall College of Law in 1968. Not long after being admitted to the Ohio bar, Hardiman became an attorney for the plaintiffs in the case of Robert Anthony Reed v. James A. Rhodes, which concerned the desegregation of the Cleveland Public Schools and was heard in the United States District Court Northern District of Ohio and United States Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals beginning in 1973 and concluding in 2000. Hardiman's papers regarding Reed v. Rhodes that make up this collection document his role and experiences in the matter. A celebrated civil rights attorney, Hardiman is perhaps most well known for his involvement in this case and other school desegregation initiatives across Ohio and the United States. With over 40 years of experience litigating complex civil liberties issues, Hardiman is also noted for his work challenging at-large elections of municipal court judges in Ohio and dedication to just criminal defense. In 2010, Hardiman was named the legal director for the American Civil Liberties Union of Ohio, where he continues to fight for civil rights. The collection consists of agendas, budgets, correspondence (general and professional), handbooks, legal briefs, memoranda, newsletters, newspaper clippings, notes, pamphlets, proposals, reports, testimony, transcripts, trial exhibits, and unofficial legal files. | | | | Call #: | MS 5123 | | | | Extent: | 30.40 linear feet (31 containers) | | | | Subjects: | Cleveland Public Schools. | Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Segregation in education -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | School integration -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Public schools -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Race relations. | African Americans -- Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | African Americans -- Education -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Race discrimination -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Education.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 2 | Title: | Reverend Bruce Klunder Collection
| | | | Creator: | Klunder, Bruce | | | | Dates: | 1964-1974 | | | | Abstract: | Bruce Klunder (1937-1964) was a Presbyterian minister and civil rights activist who worked with various student and community groups in Cleveland, Ohio, including the United Freedom Movement. Klunder was accidentally killed in 1964 by a bulldozer while picketing the Lakeview School construction site in an effort to bring attention to school segregation in the Cleveland Public Schools. The collection consists of clippings, correspondence, newsletters, reports and programs relating to the events surrounding Klunder's death. The collection pertains to Klunder's background, religious convictions, and his fight for human rights for the black community in Cleveland. | | | | Call #: | MS 4221 | | | | Extent: | 0.10 linear feet (1 container) | | | | Subjects: | Klunder, Bruce, 1937-1964. | Cleveland Public Schools. | United Freedom Movement. | African Americans -- Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Segregation in education -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civil rights workers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Race discrimination -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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| Manuscript Collection | Requires cookie* | | 3 | Title: | United Freedom Movement Freedom Schools Records
| | | | Creator: | United Freedom Movement Freedom Schools | | | | Dates: | 1963-1965 | | | | Abstract: | The United Freedom Movement Freedom Schools was a mass boycott in protest of the racial segregation of Cleveland, Ohio, public schools held on April 20, 1964. The United Freedom Movement of Cleveland directed the school boycott. Students from Cleveland public schools were directed to attend Freedom Schools for one day, held at area churches and with a curriculum consisting of black cultural and civil rights history, art, and music. The collection consists of applications by volunteers to staff schools, curricula, organizational charts, flyers, newspaper clippings, and lists of schools, students, teachers, supervisors, and demonstrators. | | | | Call #: | MS 4814 | | | | Extent: | 0.50 linear feet (2 containers) | | | | Subjects: | United Freedom Movement Freedom Schools. | Cleveland Public Schools. | United Freedom Movement. | African Americans -- Civil rights -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Segregation in education -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Civil rights workers -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Race discrimination -- Ohio -- Cleveland. | Cleveland (Ohio) -- Race relations.
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